Robotics
1. The Three Characteristics of a Robot
For a machine to be considered a Robot in the IGCSE context, it must have these three features:
It has a body or mechanical parts (arms, wheels, joints).
It uses sensors to "see" or "feel" its surroundings.
It follows a set of instructions stored in a microprocessor.
2. Common Applications of Robotics
Use: Welding, painting, or assembling cars on a production line.
Benefit: Can work 24/7 with extreme precision and lift heavy parts safely.
Use: Assisting surgeons in performing micro-surgeries with tiny incisions.
Benefit: Steadier than a human hand; allows for faster patient recovery.
Use: Bomb disposal, underwater exploration, or space rovers (Mars Rover).
Benefit: No risk to human life if the robot is destroyed.
Use: Autonomous vacuum cleaners or lawnmowers.
Benefit: Saves time for the user on repetitive household chores.
3. Advantages and Disadvantages
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| Can work in dangerous conditions unsuitable for humans. | High initial cost to purchase and install. |
| Perform repetitive tasks with high consistency and no fatigue. | Can lead to unemployment as robots replace human workers. |
| Higher productivity as they don't need breaks or holidays. | Require specialist skills to program and maintain. |